India-Italy DTAA: Complete Treaty Guide

Quick answer: The India-Italy DTAA, signed 19 February 1993 and in force since 23 November 1995, taxes dividends at 15% for substantial holdings of 10%+ shares, but 25% for smaller holdings — above India's 20% domestic rate, so minority shareholders get no treaty benefit. Interest is capped at 15%, while royalties and fees for technical services are capped at 20%, matching the domestic rate. Italy has signed but not ratified the Multilateral Instrument (MLI), so the treaty is not modified by it.

Key takeaways:

• Dividends taxed at 15% for 10%+ holdings, but 25% for smaller holdings (Article 11).
• General 25% dividend rate exceeds India's 20% domestic withholding rate.
• Interest capped at 15%; royalties and FTS both capped at 20% (Articles 12-13).
• Treaty signed 19 February 1993, in force from 23 November 1995.
• Not yet modified by the MLI — Italy has signed but not deposited its instrument of ratification.

Overview of the India-Italy DTAA

The Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) between India and Italy is a bilateral tax treaty designed to prevent the same income from being taxed in both countries. Formally titled the "Convention between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the Republic of Italy for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and for the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income," this agreement provides a framework for allocating taxing rights and granting relief from double taxation.

The treaty covers Indian income tax (including surcharges) and Italian personal income tax (IRPEF), corporate income tax (IRES), and regional tax on productive activities (IRAP). Both Indian and Italian residents engaged in cross-border trade, investment, or services benefit from reduced withholding rates and clear rules on where income should be taxed. Understanding this DTAA is essential for businesses operating between these two significant economies.

Treaty History and Current Status

The India-Italy DTAA was signed on 19 February 1993 in New Delhi and entered into force on 23 November 1995 upon the exchange of instruments of ratification, and was notified in India vide GSR 189(E) dated 25 April 1996. The treaty is based primarily on the OECD Model Tax Convention, which is standard for agreements between OECD member states (Italy) and major developing economies (India).

The Convention is accompanied by a Protocol signed on the same day, which among other things confines India's 15% cap on interest to loans or debts approved by the Government of India and clarifies the deductible expenses of a permanent establishment. No amending protocol has since been notified — the 1993 Convention and its original Protocol remain the treaty text in force.

Regarding the Multilateral Instrument (MLI), the India-Italy DTAA is not currently modified by the MLI. India ratified the MLI on 25 June 2019 (effective 1 October 2019), but Italy — although a signatory since 7 June 2017 — has not deposited its instrument of ratification, so the original treaty provisions continue to apply without MLI overlays such as the Principal Purpose Test (PPT).

Key Treaty Articles

The India-Italy DTAA contains detailed provisions across multiple articles that govern the taxation of various income types for cross-border transactions.

Business Profits (Article 7)

Business profits of an enterprise of one Contracting State are taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other State through a permanent establishment. If a PE exists, the other State may tax only the profits attributable to that PE. The treaty follows the functionally separate entity approach for profit attribution.

Dividends (Article 11)

Dividends paid by a company resident in one State to a resident of the other State may be taxed in both States. However, the source State's tax is capped at 15% if the beneficial owner holds at least 10% of the shares, or 25% in all other cases. See our dedicated page on the dividend tax rate under the India-Italy DTAA for the full documentation and compliance breakdown. For Indian payers, compliance under section 393(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 (Table, Sl. No. 17; section 195 of the Income-tax Act, 1961) and filing Forms 145 and 146 (formerly Forms 15CA and 15CB) is mandatory.

Interest (Article 12)

Interest arising in one Contracting State paid to a resident of the other State is taxable in both States, but the source State's tax cannot exceed 15% of the gross amount. Interest is exempt from source-State tax where the payer is that State's Government or a local authority (Article 12(3)(a)) — so interest on Indian government securities paid to Italian residents is exempt rather than taxed at 15% — and where it is paid to an agency or instrumentality agreed upon by the two States (Article 12(3)(b)). The Protocol further confines India's 15% cap to loans or debts approved by the Government of India.

Royalties and Fees for Technical Services (Article 13)

Royalties and fees for technical services (FTS) may be taxed in the source State at a maximum rate of 20% of the gross amount. FTS is defined broadly to include payments for managerial, technical, or consultancy services. This is one of the higher FTS rates among India's DTAAs, making tax advisory support crucial for structuring payments efficiently.

Capital Gains (Article 14)

Capital gains from immovable property are taxable where the property is situated (Article 14(1)), and gains from movable property of a PE are taxable in the PE State (Article 14(2)). Gains on ships or aircraft operated in international traffic are taxable only where the enterprise's place of effective management is situated (Article 14(3)). Gains from shares deriving their value principally from immovable property may be taxed where the property is situated (Article 14(4)) and — unusually among India's treaties — gains from other shares of a company resident in a Contracting State may also be taxed in that State (Article 14(5)). Only gains from residual property are taxable solely in the alienator's State of residence (Article 14(6)).

Withholding Tax Rates Summary

The following table compares the treaty-reduced rates with India's domestic withholding tax rates for payments to Italian residents:

Important note: For general dividends (less than 10% holding), the treaty rate of 25% is higher than the domestic rate of 20%. In such cases, the domestic rate applies as the taxpayer can choose the more beneficial rate under section 159(4) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 (section 90(2) of the Income-tax Act, 1961). For dividends with substantial holdings, the treaty provides a clear 5% saving. Interest payments benefit from a 5-percentage-point reduction under the treaty (for interest arising in India, the Protocol confines the treaty cap to loans or debts approved by the Government of India).

Permanent Establishment Rules

Article 5 of the India-Italy DTAA defines PE as a fixed place of business through which an enterprise carries on its business wholly or partly. The standard PE definition includes offices, branches, factories, workshops, mines, oil or gas wells, quarries, and other places of natural resource extraction.

Construction PE

A building site, construction, installation, or assembly project constitutes a PE if it continues for more than six months. Supervisory activities connected to such projects are also covered, even if lasting less than six months, where the charges payable exceed 10% of the sale price of related machinery or equipment.

No General Service PE

The treaty contains no general furnishing-of-services PE clause. The only service-type deemed PE is sector-specific: an enterprise providing services or facilities in connection with, or supplying plant and machinery on hire used in, the prospecting for, or extraction or production of mineral oils in India is deemed to have a PE (proviso to Article 5(2)(j)).

Dependent Agent PE

An enterprise is deemed to have a PE if a person acting on its behalf habitually exercises authority to conclude contracts in the other Contracting State, maintains a stock of goods for regular delivery, or habitually secures orders wholly or mainly for the enterprise.

For Italian companies planning India operations, understanding these PE triggers is critical. Our India entry strategy service helps structure operations to manage PE exposure effectively.

Tax Residency and Certificate Requirements

To claim treaty benefits, the taxpayer must establish tax residency in either India or Italy. The DTAA includes tie-breaker rules for dual residents based on permanent home, center of vital interests, habitual abode, and nationality.

The key documentation requirements include:

• Tax Residency Certificate (TRC) — Issued by the tax authority of the country of residence. Italian residents must obtain a TRC from the Agenzia delle Entrate (Italian Revenue Agency).
• Form 41 (formerly Form 10F) — Required to be furnished by the non-resident to the Indian payer, containing details like status, nationality, TIN, and period of residential status.
• Self-declaration — Confirming beneficial ownership of the income and that the arrangement is not designed for treaty shopping.

Without valid documentation, the Indian payer must deduct tax at the full domestic rate. Companies should engage FEMA and RBI compliance experts to ensure all regulatory requirements are met.

Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP)

Article 26 of the India-Italy DTAA provides for a Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP) to resolve disputes arising from taxation not in accordance with the treaty. A resident who considers that actions of one or both States result in double taxation can present the case to the competent authority of the State of residence within two years from the date of the assessment or of the withholding of tax at source, whichever is later.

The competent authorities of India (CBDT) and Italy (Ministry of Economy and Finance) shall endeavor to resolve the dispute by mutual agreement. They may also consult to eliminate double taxation in cases not provided for in the treaty. MAP proceedings run independently of domestic remedies and can be pursued simultaneously with appeals before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal.

How to Claim Treaty Benefits

Claiming reduced rates under the India-Italy DTAA requires compliance with Indian tax procedures. Here is the step-by-step process:

Step 1: Obtain a Tax Residency Certificate

The Italian recipient must obtain a TRC from the Agenzia delle Entrate confirming Italian tax residency for the relevant financial year.

Step 2: Submit Form 41

The non-resident must furnish Form 41 to the Indian payer along with the TRC. This form is now required to be filed electronically on the Indian income tax portal.

Step 3: Provide Self-Declaration

A self-declaration confirming beneficial ownership, no PE in India (if applicable), and eligibility under the specific treaty article must be submitted.

Step 4: Indian Payer Deducts at Treaty Rate

The Indian company deducts TDS at the applicable treaty rate under section 393(2) and remits to the government. The payer must file Form 145 (online) and Form 146 (CA certificate) for remittances exceeding INR 5 lakh.

Step 5: Claim Double Taxation Relief

The Italian resident claims credit for Indian taxes paid against Italian tax liability under section 159 of the Income-tax Act, 2025 (section 90 of the Income-tax Act, 1961) and corresponding Italian provisions. For comprehensive support, consider our cross-border payments advisory.

If you are an Italian company registering a company in India, understanding treaty benefit procedures from inception helps optimize your tax structure. Our transfer pricing team ensures intercompany transactions comply with arm's length principles under both Indian and Italian regulations.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the India-Italy DTAA?

The India-Italy DTAA is a bilateral tax treaty signed on 19 February 1993 between India and Italy. It prevents double taxation of the same income in both countries by allocating taxing rights and providing mechanisms for tax relief, including reduced withholding tax rates on dividends, interest, royalties, and fees for technical services.

What are the withholding tax rates on dividends under the India-Italy DTAA?

Dividends are taxed at 15% if the beneficial owner holds at least 10% of the shares of the paying company (Article 11(2)(a)), and 25% in all other cases (Article 11(2)(b)). However, since the domestic rate is 20%, the treaty rate of 25% for general dividends is not beneficial, and taxpayers should apply the lower domestic rate.

Is the India-Italy DTAA covered under the Multilateral Instrument (MLI)?

Not yet. Both India and Italy have signed the MLI, but Italy has not deposited its instrument of ratification, so the MLI does not modify the India-Italy DTAA and the original treaty provisions apply without MLI modifications.

What is the withholding tax rate on royalties and FTS under this DTAA?

Both royalties and fees for technical services are subject to a maximum withholding tax rate of 20% of the gross amount under Article 13(2) of the treaty. This rate equals the current domestic rate, so the treaty does not provide additional relief on these payments.

Has the India-Italy DTAA been amended since 1993?

No. The treaty in force remains the 1993 Convention together with the Protocol signed alongside it, which among other things conditions India's 15% interest cap on Government of India approval of the loan and clarifies PE expense deductions. No amending protocol has been notified, and the treaty contains no most-favoured-nation clause.

What documents are needed to claim treaty benefits?

To claim reduced rates, the Italian recipient needs a Tax Residency Certificate from the Agenzia delle Entrate, Form 41 submitted electronically, and a self-declaration confirming beneficial ownership. The Indian payer must file Form 145 and obtain a Form 146 certificate from a Chartered Accountant for remittances exceeding INR 5 lakh.

How are capital gains taxed under the India-Italy DTAA?

Capital gains from immovable property are taxable where the property is situated, and gains from movable property of a PE are taxable in the PE State. Gains from shares deriving value principally from immovable property may be taxed where the property is situated (Article 14(4)), and gains from other shares of an Indian-resident company may also be taxed in India (Article 14(5)). Only gains from residual assets are taxable solely in the seller's State of residence (Article 14(6)).